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Challenges in Public Heath

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Challenges in Public Health Unfortunately, in the modern world, interpersonal violence and war have become common. In some segments of society (particularly among adolescent and young adult minority males), violence has become the leading cause of death and productive years of life lost. Public health cannot ignore the fact that violence and wars are major factors dramatically reducing the quality of life for millions. Many of the advances in public health have become possible through research. The research will continue to be essential for identifying and anticipating health problems and the optimal strategies for addressing them. Strategies that seem very logical may, in fact, not succeed for a variety of unforeseen reasons. Therefore, public health systems and programmes cannot be assumed to function cost-effectively without continuous monitoring and evaluation. Thus, it is essential that new public health strategies undergo rigorous evaluation before being scaled up, and once s

Global Burden of Diabetes Mellitus

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Key facts Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality and reduced life expectancy. It is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. Overall, the global burden of diabetes had increased significantly since 1990. Both the trend and magnitude of diabetes-related disease burden varied substantially across regions and countries. The trend of global type 2 diabetes burden was like that of total diabetes (including type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes), while the global age-standardized rate of mortality and DALYs for type 1 diabetes declined. Globally, metabolic risks (high BMI) and behavioural factors (inappropriate diet, smoking, and